很多时候显卡驱动程序可能有 bug, 或者 GUI遮盖了可能的 bug

(Windows 一般是直接蓝屏，所以不存在这种问题。但实际上我个人更喜欢 Windows 那样的哲学，有错误就直接崩溃)。

  • 切换到 Desktop 模式 (Ctl + Alt + F1)
  • 切换到 Server 模式 (Ctl + Alt + F2)

这个方法解决了我一台 NUC 长期困扰我的问题，为什么开机以后第一次登陆会失败，要再次登陆。

切换到 Server 模式就可以看到系统日志

[   37.384464] snd_hda_intel 0000:00:0e.0: No response from codec, disabling MSI: last cmd=0x20bf8100
[   38.392425] snd_hda_intel 0000:00:0e.0: No response from codec, resetting bus: last cmd=0x20bf8100
[   39.400435] snd_hda_intel 0000:00:0e.0: No response from codec, resetting bus: last cmd=0x20bf8100
[   40.408474] snd_hda_intel 0000:00:0e.0: No response from codec, resetting bus: last cmd=0x20170500
[   41.416477] snd_hda_intel 0000:00:0e.0: No response from codec, resetting bus: last cmd=0x20270500
[   42.424465] snd_hda_intel 0000:00:0e.0: No response from codec, resetting bus: last cmd=0x20370500
[   43.436496] snd_hda_intel 0000:00:0e.0: No response from codec, resetting bus: last cmd=0x20470500
[   44.448515] snd_hda_intel 0000:00:0e.0: No response from codec, resetting bus: last cmd=0x20570500
[   45.456544] snd_hda_intel 0000:00:0e.0: No response from codec, resetting bus: last cmd=0x20670500
[   46.468552] snd_hda_intel 0000:00:0e.0: No response from codec, resetting bus: last cmd=0x20770500

大概的解决方法是

sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/snd-hda-intel-fix.conf <<< 'options snd-hda-intel probe_mask=1'

或者 升级BIOS。